BIOLOGY REPRODUCTION

Cloning

Cloning is a technique to create offspring with the same genetic code with its parent in certain living creatures in the form of animals, plants, and humans, this can be done by taking the parent's body cell (somatic cell) and subsequently implanted in the mother cell (ovum) women cell nucleus has been removed by a method similar to the process of fertilization or artificial insemination. With that senacam method, human cloning carried out by taking a cell nucleus from a woman, and with special chemical liquid core and an electric shock combined with the egg cell, after this merger happens it will be transferred into the uterus of a woman, in order to multiply, grow, differentiate and turned into a fetus is perfect. After that the resulting offspring can be born naturally are genetically coded the same as its parent.

Cloning embryos occurs in embryonic cells derived from uterine wife formed from a meeting between her husband's sperm and an egg cell that has eliminated his core. Furthermore, embryonic cells can be implanted in the womb of foreign women. This form of cloning is haraam because this is happening confusion and omission nasab (katurunan line). But if embryonic cells were implanted in the uterus of women owners then cloned like this the law permissible.

Human cloning could take place in the presence of men and women and the process by taking a cell from the male body and cell nucleus was taken and then combined with the female egg cell that has been disposed essentially Facebook to multiply, grow, berduferensiasi later developed into a fetus and eventually born. Klonin performed on men and women both aimed to improve the quality of offspring by producing offspring that are smarter, healthier, stronger, and personable as well as to increase the number pemduduk then it would be a disaster for the world and source of damage. Cloning is haraam according to Islamic law and should not be done. Human cloning would eliminate the lineage, while Islam requires maintaining nasab, narrated from Ibn Abbas RA, who said that the Prophet has said:
من انتسب الى غير ابيه, او تولى غير مواليه, فعليه لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين

"Anyone who connects nkepada people who are not his father, or a slave-man's land to other than his master, then it will get a curse from God, the angels, and all mankind. "(Narrated by Ibn Majah)

Organ Transplant

The meaning of organ transplantation is the removal of organs from one human to another human being, such as heart, kidney, removal of a person's hand when he was alive or after death.

Organ transplant law is as follows:

Transplantation of organs from a living donor

Personality 'lets someone at the time of his life voluntarily tanpaadanya force anyone to donate a body organ or more to others who need an organ was donated, such as the hands or kidney. This provision is due to the right for someone whose hands were cut off, or tercongkel his eyes at the actions of others to take diyat (ransom), or to forgive others who had cut his hand or prying eyes. In this case, Allah SWT has allowed forgiveness in qishash problems and various diyat. Allah says:

فمن عفي له من اخيه شيئ فاتباع بالمعروف واداء اليه بإحسان ذلك تخفيف من ربكم ورحمة

"Whoever shall get a forgiveness from his brother, let (which given the apology) to pay (diyat) to apologize in a way that gives good also. That is a relief from your Lord and a mercy. "(Surat al-Baqara: 178)

Terms of kemubahan organs when a person is still alive, is that the donated organ is not a vital organ that determines the survival of the contributor, such as heart, liver, and both lungs. This dikarrenakan organ donors would result in the death of the contributor, which means that had killed herself. Though one is not allowed to kill himself or ask voluntarily for someone else to kill himself. Allah says:

ولا تقتلوا انفسكم

"And do not you kill yourselves." (Surah An Nisa: 29)

ولا تقتلوا النفس التى حرم الله الا بالحق

"... And you do not kill the soul which Allah forbidden (to kill) but with a cause that's right." (Surat al-An aam: 151)

Similarly, men are not allowed to donate two testes (testicles), although this does not cause death because Allah has banned castration / cuts testis (al khisha ') that would cause sterility. Imam Bukhari narrated from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud Ra, he said:

كنا نغزوا مع النبي ليس لنا نساء, فقلنا: يارسول الله ألا نستخصي? فنهانا عن ذلك.

"We had once fought alongside the Prophet while we were gone on wives. Our thanks to: "O Messenger Could we do the castration?" And he forbade us to do, "

Legal transplants from people who have died

Someone who is dead is not allowed to donate or bequeath their organs to donate. Because a doctor is not entitled to utilize one of the organs of someone who has passed away to be transplanted to people in need. The law of honor bodies and persecution against him, then Allah has determined that the body has the honor that must be maintained as the living. And God forbid a violation of honor violations as violations of honor dead people hidup.Diriwayatkan of Umm A'isha Mu'minin RA that Rasulullah SAW said:

كسر عظم الميت ككسره حيا

"Solving the dead bone is tantamount to breaking the bones of the living" (Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Hibbaan)

Action prying eyes of the corpse or dissect the stomach to take heart or kidney or heart to be transplanted to others who need to be considered as mutilate the corpse. Though Islam has prohibited this action. Imam Bukhari has narrated from Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Anshasi RA, he said:

نهى رسول الله عن النهبي والمثلة

"Prophet Muhammad has forbidden (to take) the treasure from the plunder and mutilate (the body of the enemy)." (Bukhari)

Abortion

Abortion / Abortion (al-ijhad) is one of the Western World community problems arising from moral depravity, the number of births due to illegal fornication countless more as well as promiscuity membudayanya dilluar nikah.Banyaknya illegal birth makes nearly half the children in the West be a natural child has prompted many western countries to establish laws that allow a woman who wanted to terminate her pregnancy, especially if terjai because of adultery or promiscuity outside of marriage to abortion. This is because in the Western World the mother who assume responsibility for the education of children who were born because of adultery and promiscuity outside of marriage. Thus the reality of contemporary society the Western World. The reality in the Muslim world, then abortion can be said is still a bit going on, because at least adultery and promiscuity outside of marriage. If there is abortion, then it is usually done as a lifesaving therapy for the mother.

Al-ijhad (abortion) in Arabic means abortion fetus from the uterus. Abortion can occur deliberately (abortus provocatus) due to a certain effort on the part of women by taking certain drugs, or by carrying a heavy load or to make certain movements that rough. Included here is also a woman requests abortion due to a doctor for the abortion. In addition to deliberate, there also happens without deliberate abortion (spontaneus abortion).

Abortions whose age has not reached 40 days, then the law allowed but not required and it does not matter what caused that there is not yet a fetus in the womb because it is still in the stages of germ (blood clot).

When is allowed to perform abortions?

Abortion can be performed both at the stage of creation the fetus, or after blowing the spirit of him. If a trusted doctor determined that the existence of the fetus in the belly of the mother would endanger the safety of mothers and even cause death of the mother and the fetus while it is in this condition is allowed to perform abortions and maternal mental life rescue efforts.

Imlash

Imlash is abortion with the abuse of women, these acts are sinful and criminal acts. In this case the culprit should pay diyat form of a slave male or female and the value of one tenth of the human diyat perfect. In Shahihain there is information that Umar ibn Khatab RA never asked for opinions to the friends about the case of a woman who killed her womb being hit. Then Mugheerah RA ever decide issues like this by requiring diyat one ghurrah, that alone slave male or female, "Muhammad bin Maslamah memeberikan Mugheerah testimony to the preaching of the" (Muttafaq 'alaih).

Tube Babies

The process of fertilization with IVF method of sperm cells with egg cells husband and wife, actually is a medical efforts to enable the arrival of the husband's sperm cell into an egg cell's wife. Akn sperm fertilize the egg cell is not a natural place, the fertilized egg cell is then placed on the wife's womb with a particular method sehinnga pregnancy will occur naturally in it.

Basically the conception that occurs naturally in the womb by natural way also (sexual relations), in accordance with nature that have been set by God for man. However, that natural conception is sometimes difficult to materialize, for example due to the destruction or closing of channels ovarian (fallopian tubes) that carry the egg to the uterus, and can not be overcome by open or treat it. Or because the husband's sperm cells is weak or not able to reach the uterus wife to meet with the egg cell, and can not be overcome by strengthening the sperm cells, sperm cells aatu arriving to seek his wife's womb to meet with the egg there. All this will negate the birth and inhibit conjugal reproduce children. In fact Islam has been advocated and encouraged it and the Muslims had been disunnahkan melakukannya.Kesulitan these could be solved with a medical efforts for fertilization between sperm cells with egg cells can occur outside the natural place. After the husband's sperm cell to fertilize an egg until and wife in a container that mampunyai natural condition of the uterus, uterine wife. Thus natural pregnancies expected to occur and then the baby will be born normally. Such a process is a medical uapaya to overcome existing difficulties, and permissible (ja'iz) according to Islamic rules', because this effort is an attempt to realize what disunnahkan by Islam, namely the birth and berbanyak child, which is one of the basic objectives of a marriage. It was narrated from Anas RA that the Prophet SAW had said:

تزوجوا الودود الولود, فاني مكاثر بكم الأنبياء يوم القيامة

"Marry you with women who are loving and fertile, because actually I was I would be proud before the prophet with a large number of you on the Day of Resurrection." (Narrated by Ahmad)

Basically, the effort to pursue the unnatural conception should not be taken, except after no longer possible to pursue the occurrence of natural conception in the womb of the wife, the husband's sperm cells with egg cells isterinnya. In the process of artificial insemination in the cup to give birth, the implied sperm cells must belong to the husband and the egg cell must belong to the wife. And the egg cell that has been fertilized by the wife the husband's sperm cells in the cup, must be placed on the wife's womb. Haraam if the egg has been fertilized, the wife who placed in the womb of woman not his wife or what is commonly referred to as a mother substitute (surrogate mother). So also is unlawful if the process of artificial insemination took place between the husband's sperm cells with egg cells rather than wives, although the fertilized egg cell will be placed in the womb of the wife, as well as unlawful if fertilization between the sperm cells are not husband and an egg cell wife although later placed in the wife's womb. Of the three forms of the above process is not justified under Islamic law, because it would cause confusion and disappearances nasab, which has been forbidden in Islam. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah RA that he had heard the Messenger of Allah SAW said when it comes down verse li'an:

أيماامرأة أدخلت على قوم نسبا ليس منهم فليست من الله في شيئ, ولن يدخلها الله الجنة, وأيمارجل حجد ولده وهو ينظر اليه احتجب الله منه وفضحه على رؤوس الأولين والآخرين.

"Who are the women who have entered to a people nasab are not from among the people, then he will not get anything from God and God will never put it into heaven. And anyone who denies man his own son when she saw (the resemblance) it, then God will be closed from him and God will reveal his actions were in ahadapan people earlier and later (on the Day of Judgement) (Narrated by Ibn Majah)

diambil dari :http://meetabied.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/hukum-kloning-tranplantasi-organ-abortus-dan-bayi-tabung-menurut-islam/